• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:BR112012032421B1
    申请号:R112012032421-7
    申请日:2011-06-22
    公开日:2018-06-26
    发明作者:L. Kowalchuk Trevor；Bruno Schilling Robin；D. Turner Jack
    申请人:Cnh Industrial Belgium Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) Title: IMPLEMENTO AGRÍCOLA (51) Int.CI .: A01C 7/20 (30) Unionist Priority: 22/06/2010 US 12 / 820,759 (73) Holder (s): CNH INDUSTRIAL BELGIUM NV (72) Inventor (es): TREVOR L. KOWALCHUK; ROBIN BRUNO SCHILLING; JACK D. TURNER
    1/9 “AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT”
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention generally relates to soil furrowing units for an agricultural implement and, more specifically, to a set for automatically and continuously adjusting the top-to-bottom pressure applied to a disc in response to changes in soil conditions to maintain the disc at a relatively constant depth of penetration so that the disc cuts an elongated trench in the ground at a substantially constant depth.
    A planting machine usually consists of a toolbar that can be attached to a tractor and a number of grooving disk units mounted on the toolbar. Groove disk units have a disk or plow that cuts a groove in a field and a seed tube that deposits the seed in the groove. Some grooving disc units are equipped with an additional tube to deposit fertilizer in the groove. The depth at which the disc penetrates the field and cuts the groove is controlled by a measuring wheel. The position of the measuring wheel is typically adjusted by turning a control lever or arm to one of a number of depth adjustment positions. While the measuring wheel establishes the depth of penetration for the disc, a top-to-bottom pressure system, which typically includes a hydraulic cylinder or spring, applies top-down pressure to the disc to ensure that the disc penetrates the ground. For most planting machines, the amount of force from top to bottom can be adjusted by the operator to accommodate different soil conditions.
    Despite the ability to vary the force from top to bottom, for varying soil conditions, a large number of operators are unsure about the appropriate top-down pressure regulation for a given soil condition. As a result, many such operators will determine the pressure adjustment from top to bottom in such a way that an excessive amount of force from top to bottom is applied and leave the regulation unchanged. Thus, unless extreme soil conditions are present, there will always be sufficient top-down force applied to the blade for the blade to penetrate to the desired depth of cut.
    Constantly operating the planting machine with the top-down pressure system set to the maximum top-down pressure setting, however, can have detrimental effects. More specifically, as excessive force from top to bottom is transmitted through the measuring wheel assembly, the measuring wheel, control lever, and / or measuring wheel bearings can fail prematurely if the pressure system from top to bottom is always set to apply an excessive amount of pressure from top to bottom.
    Petition 870180003322, of 01/15/2018, p. 8/21
    2/9
    Thus, there is a need for a top-down pressure control system that puts less stress on the measuring wheel assembly while also applying a top-down force to the disc that accommodates a varying range of soil conditions.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a top-to-bottom pressure control system that varies the amount of force from top to bottom that is applied on a disc by a top-down pressure cylinder substantially in real time as the soil conditions. As soil conditions change, the stress imposed on the measuring wheel assembly will also change. This change is measured by a load sensor and is used to reactively change the amount of force from top to bottom that is applied by the pressure cylinder from top to bottom. The load sensor, which can be a strain gauge, for example, detects the stress imposed on the measuring wheel assembly during a change in soil conditions. If soil conditions become milder, the top-down force applied by the top-down pressure cylinder will initially apply tension to the measuring wheel assembly when the measuring wheel counteracts the applied top-down force. In such a case, the load center detects the increased tension and provides the information to a controller that provides appropriate control signals to a valve that controls the flow and / or pressure of the hydraulic fluid to the pressure cylinder from top to bottom. so that the amount of top-down force applied to the disc is reduced. On the other hand, if the soil conditions become harsher, the pressure from top to bottom will be insufficient to drive the disc to the desired depth of penetration and a corresponding tension will be measured by the load center. Appropriate control signals will then be communicated to the valve to change the flow of hydraulic fluid in order to increase the amount of top-down force applied.
    Therefore, an objective of the invention is to provide a top-down pressure control system that automatically responds to changes in soil conditions to change the amount of top-down force or pressure that is applied to a disc.
    Another objective of the invention is to provide a depth-of-cut monitoring system for a grooving disk unit that determines a real-time cutting depth of the grooving disk unit and adjusts the amount of force from top to bottom being applied to the grooving disc unit to maintain the depth of cut at a preset level.
    An additional object of the invention is to provide a top-down pressure control system that does not require an operator to establish a desired amount of top-down force to be applied to a grooving disk unit.
    Another objective of the invention is to provide a pressure control system for ciPetição 870180003322, from 01/15/2018, p. 9/21
    3/9 m down that optimizes the amount of top-down force applied to a grooving disk unit.
    Other objectives, characteristics, aspects and advantages of the invention will become evident to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and 5 accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the present invention, are provided by way of illustration and not by way of limitation. Many changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from its essence, and the invention includes all such modifications.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which similar reference numerals represent similar parts from beginning to end.
    In the drawings:
    Figure 1 is a pictorial view of an agricultural system generally comprised of a tractor, an open cart, and an implement according to the present invention;
    Figure 2 is a side elevation view of a grooving disk unit on the implement of Figure 1;
    Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a top 20 downward pressure adjustment circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
    Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a top-down pressure adjustment circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention; and
    Figure 5 is an isometric view of a portion of another seeder with which the present invention can be used.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    With reference now to the drawings, and more specifically to Figure 1, an agricultural seeding system 10 is shown and, as known in the art, is generally comprised of a tractor 12, an open cart 14, and an agricultural implement, for example, a seeder 16. Open cart 14 and seeder 16 are attached to the tractor 12 in a conventional manner. Seeder 16 includes a tool bar 18 to which is attached a set of grooving disk units 20. Grooving disk units 20 individually include a disk 22 designed to cut a groove in the ground. As is known in the art, the open cart 14 pneumatically delivers seed and / or fertilizer to a set of delivery tubes 15 of the planting machine 14 as a result of which the seed and / or fertilizer is deposited in the cut ditches or seed grooves through the discs
    22. As is still known in the art, planting machine 16 includes a known hydraulic system of a network of hydraulic cylinders, valves, and ducts that are coupled
    Petition 870180003322, of 01/15/2018, p. 10/21
    4/9 by flow to a source of hydraulic fluid, typically loaded by tractor 12. The hydraulic system is operable to perform various functions associated with the operation of the seeder. For example, seeder 16 is moved between a transport position, raised and a position in contact with the field, lowered by means of a hydraulically controlled top-down pressure set. For foldable seeders, the hydraulic system can also be used to fold seeder 16 to have a narrow profile, which is best suited for transport and storage.
    Figure 2 shows a grooving disk unit ("seeding") 20 according to one embodiment of the invention, and Figure 5 shows a group of grooving disk units 102 according to another embodiment of the invention. Turning to Figure 2, the grooving disk unit 20 generally includes a front disk 22 that is inclined with respect to a displacement line. As is known in the art, the front disc 22 rotates around a central hub 24 to cut a groove on the planting surface, S. A seed container 26 is mounted in the backward direction of the disc 22, and is designed to cut a ditch in the groove formed by the disk 22. The disk 22 is coupled to a parallel joint 28 by means of a disk assembly 30, to which a mounting arm 32 is welded and extends upwards from the disk assembly 30. A rear arm 34 is also attached to the parallel link 28 and a press or compact wheel 36 is attached to the rear arm 34. The press wheel 36 follows the disc 22 and the seed container 26, and as known in the art, applies a compaction pressure to the groove. The compaction force is applied by spring 38, but it is understood that other biasing devices can be used. In addition, the amount of compaction force can be varied by means of lever 40 which has a selector member 42 which can be selectively positioned in one of a series of notches 44 of the curved member
    46.
    The parallel hinge 28 is also coupled to a toolbar assembly 48 which is operative for coupling the seeding unit 20 to a toolbar 50 of the seeder 16. A hydraulic cylinder 52 is pivotally coupled to the toolbar assembly 48 and the mounting arm 32 by means of a holder 30 and 54. The cylinder 52 is operative to apply downward pressure on the disk 22 to force the disk 22 to penetrate the seeding surface. The depth at which the disk 22 penetrates the planting surface is variably defined by a measuring wheel 56 and a cooperating measuring wheel arm 58 having a cable 60. The arm 58 is coupled to a crankshaft 62 which extends through from the center of the disk 22. The measuring wheel arm 58 is held in place by the teeth (not shown) that interface with a member in the shape of a coincident fan 64, which includes a series of notches 66 that individually define a different depth of disk 22 that can be
    Petition 870180003322, of 01/15/2018, p. 11/21
    5/9 established by positioning the measuring wheel arm 58.
    In addition to establishing the depth at which the disc 22 cuts the planting surface, the measuring wheel 56 keeps the outer surface of the disc 22 generally free of mud and debris. A scraper blade 63 is mounted opposite the depth measurement wheel 5 of 56 and is designed to remove dirt, mud and other debris from the inner surface of the disc 22.
    The seeding unit 20 shown in Figure 2 is a double-load, single-pass unit. In this regard, unit 20 is designed to cut a furrow, pour fertilizer, cut a seed ditch and pour seed in a single pass through the planting surface. In that regard, a fertilizer tube 70 is mounted in the backward direction of the central hub of the disc 22, but in the forward direction of the seed container 26. The seed container 26 generally includes a seed tube 72 and a cutting member 74 which is towards the front of the seed tube 72. In operation, when the disk 22 forms a groove on the planting surface that has a relatively deep fertilizer ditch, the fertilizer is poured into the fertilizer ditch from a fertilizer source (not shown), which communicates with the fertilizer tube 70, mentioned above. The cutting member 74 is displaced from the disk 22 and cuts into a side wall of the groove to form a recess or seed bed. The seed is then poured through the seed tube 72 into the recess. The seed is fed to the seed tube 72 from a seed source in a known manner.
    The cutting member 74 cuts in the side wall of the groove in such a way that the recess is displaced horizontally and vertically from the fertilizer ditch, i.e., bottom of the groove. In this regard, the seed is deposited in a position that is horizontally and vertically spaced from the fertilizer that is dumped into the fertilizer ditch. As noted above, it is generally preferred to place the seed and fertilizer within a groove with stratification between the fertilizer and the seed.
    In a preferred embodiment, the cutting member 74 is inclined to lift the ground when the cutting member 74 is induced through the side wall of the groove. Thus, when the disk 22 and the cutting member 74 cut through the planting surface, the soil is temporarily displaced and raised to form ditches for the fertilizer or seed deposit. However, when the disc 22 and the cutting member 74 pass, the soil will tend to fall on itself and effectively fill the furrow and thus the fertilizer and seed ditches. The pressing wheel 36, which follows the seed container 26, then compacts the fertilizer and the seed. Alternatively, the cutting member 74 can be angled downwards to force the soil down onto the fertilizer before the seed is deposited in the seedbed.
    Petition 870180003322, of 01/15/2018, p. 12/21
    6/9
    In a preferred embodiment, a baffle flap 76 extends from the rear side of the seed tube 72. Baffle flap 76 generally provides two separate functions. First, deflector tab 76 is angled as are the lower ends of the seed tube 72 and cutting member 74. With this inclined orientation, deflector tab 76 is operative to stimulate the seed towards the seed ditch. Second, due to its proximity to the seed tube 72, the deflector tab 76 reduces the entry of soil and debris into the seed tube 72 during rolling back of the planting unit 20.
    As noted above, pressure in hydraulic cylinder 52 determines the amount of pressure from top to bottom that is applied to disc 22. In a preferred method of operation, a user rotates the measuring wheel arm 58 to a desired depth setting in which disk 22 must cut a groove in the planting surface. The top-down pressure applied by the cylinder 52, together with the weight of the planting unit 20, forces the disc 22 into the planting surface so that the groove is cut to the depth selected by the user. As described above, conventionally, many users, regardless of the measurement wheel setting, have maximum top-down force applied to the disc. Users will normally do this because they are not sure how much top-down pressure is required. However, excessive continuous top-to-bottom pressure can cause premature failure of the measuring wheel, depth adjustment mechanisms, and / or measuring wheel bearings.
    As such, according to a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a planting machine unit 20 that has a load cell or tension meter 78 mounted on the measuring wheel arm 58. The information compiled from the tension meter 78 is used to control the flow of hydraulic fluid to or from the hydraulic cylinder 52 and thus the amount of top-down force applied to the disc 22. In this regard, the amount of top-down force applied by the hydraulic cylinder can be controlled substantially in real time to maintain a desired seed depth without subjecting the measuring wheel and its related components to excessive tension.
    Referring now to Figure 3, a top-down pressure control system 80 includes a Wheatstone bridge 82 in communication with an amplifier 84 to amplify the signal measured by bridge 82. Those skilled in the art will consider that a voltage meter can be schematically represented by a Wheatstone bridge. An A / D converter 86 is included for converting the analog signal detected by bridge 82 into a digital signal. A CPU or processor 88 is provided to receive stress measurements as detected by the Wheatstone bridge 82 and to determine whether the pressure in cylinder 52 should be increased or decreased. The flow of hydraulic fluid to and from the
    Petition 870180003322, of 01/15/2018, p. 13/21
    7/9 cylinder 52 is controlled by a valve 90 and thus CPU 88 opens and closes valve 90 as necessary to adjust the pressure in cylinder 52 and thus the amount of top-down pressure applied to disk 22.
    Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of a pressure control system from top 5 to bottom 92. System 92 is substantially similar to system 80 described above; however, in this modality, a force sensor 94 is used to measure the force applied by the user rather than by a Wheatstone bridge. Components 96 to 102 are similar to components 84 to 90 described above.
    As mentioned above, the present invention is applicable with different types of agricultural implements, such as seeders, planting machines and the like. Figure 2 illustrates a type of grooving disk unit incorporating the present invention. Figure 5 illustrates another type of grooving disc arrangement in which multiple grooving discs 102 are grouped on a rotary axis 104. The rotary axis 104 is rotated by a hydraulic cylinder 106 which is coupled at one end to the rotary axis 104 and is coupled at the opposite end to a support arm 108 which is mounted on a toolbar 110 or other stationary frame member. Each grooving disk unit 102 includes a hinge assembly generally comprised of an upper link 112 and a lower link 114. The upper link 112 can be coupled at one end directly to toolbar 110, or as shown in Figure 5, is coupled to a rail 116 which is mounted on toolbar 110. The opposite end of the upper connection 112 is coupled to the groove disk support or assembly 118. The lower connection 114 is interconnected between the rotary axis 104 and the groove 118. Also interconnected between the pivot shaft 104 and the groove disc holder 118 is a sleeve 120 that supports a spring 122. The spring 122 is coupled to a trunnion 124 at one end and coupled to the lower connection 114 at its opposite end . Trunnion 124 is free to slide along sleeve 120 with rotation of the rotating axis 104. A stop 126 is provided which defines a maximum distance point at which the spring 120 can be elongated when the rotating axis is rotated counterclockwise. -clockwise (in the figure) by the hydraulic cylinder 106. It will therefore be considered that when the rotary axis 104 is rotated clockwise (in the figure) through the cylinder 106, the springs 122 will be compressed and apply top to bottom pressure on the groove 102. In this regard, the amount of pressure from top to bottom for multiple groove discs 102 is controlled by a single hydraulic cylinder. Voltage measurements can then be made from a load sensor, for example, voltage meter 78, mounted on a depth adjustment arm 58 of one of the grooving discs 102, and transmitted to CPU 88 as described above to control the amount of pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 106 and thus the amount of top-down pressure applied to the grouped groove discs 102.
    Petition 870180003322, of 01/15/2018, p. 14/21
    8/9
    However, it is considered that load sensors could be mounted on the depth adjustment arms of each disk opener and that the CPU could apply one of a number of statistical or numerical evaluations, for example, averaging, in relation to the multiple strain gauge readings to determine an appropriate top to bottom pressure setting.
    In operation, an operator adjusts the measuring wheel 56 to a desired seeding depth and sets the pressure from top to bottom at a desired value based on field conditions and based on experience. When seeding 16 is initially lowered to the field contact position and the planting machine units 20, 102 begin to cut grooves on the planting surface, the strain gauge 79 provides feedback to CPU 88 corresponding to the deformation of the arm measuring wheel 58. Generally, if the amount of top-to-bottom pressure applied by cylinder 52 (or 106) is excessive, the top-to-bottom pressure will try to force disc 22 further into the planting surface by rejecting it in deformation , for example, slight curvature of the measuring wheel arm 58, which will be detected by the tension meter 78. On the other hand, if the top-down pressure applied by cylinder 52 (or 106) is insufficient to hold the disc 22 at the desired groove cutting depth, a reverse flexion of the measuring wheel arm 58 will occur and will be detected by the tension meter 78. If the amount of pressure from top to bottom is appropriate, a minimum def threshold formation of the voltage measurement arm 58 will occur. In this regard, when the disk 22 is pulled through the planting surface, voltage measurements are made and provided to the CPU, which in turn compares the measured voltage values with a range of "no action" values. That is, if the amount of voltage falls within that range, the CPU will not effect any change in the amount of pressure in hydraulic cylinder 52 (or 106). This would be for cases such as when the measuring wheel rolls over an obstacle such as a rock. However, if the voltage measurements are outside the “no action” value range, the CPU will cause an increase or decrease in pressure in hydraulic cylinder 52 (or 106) to vary the amount of pressure from top to bottom than cylinder 52 (or 106) applies to disk 22. The range of "non-action" values is preferably of a width that prevents constant change of hydraulic pressure, but prevents undesirable excessive force or undesirable insufficient force on the disk 22.
    In another preferred implementation, as standard, hydraulic cylinder 52 (or 106) is adjusted to provide maximum top-down pressure on disc 22. Tension measurements are then performed when disc 22 is pulled across the planting surface and hydraulic pressure is reduced from the maximum level as appropriate based on the feedback provided by the voltage measurement. It is believed to initially regulate the pressure from the top to the bottom at a maximum level and then reduce the pressure from the top to the bottom according to nePetição 870180003322, from 01/15/2018, p. 15/21
    Cessary 9/9 provides two advantages. First, it is guaranteed that there is sufficient top-down pressure initially for the disk 22 to cut through the planting surface to the desired depth of cut. Second, top-down pressure reduction can be done relatively quickly to provide an accelerated response time to obtain top-down pressure regulation optimized for a given soil condition.
    Many changes and modifications could be made to the invention without departing from its essence. The scope of these changes will become evident from the attached claims.
    Petition 870180003322, of 01/15/2018, p. 16/21
    1/2
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    1. Agricultural implement, comprising:
    a tool bar (18) configured to be coupled to a towing vehicle;
    5 a plurality of groove disk assemblies (20, 22, 102) mounted on the tool bar (18, 50), and configured to cut a plurality of trenches on a surface of the ground, wherein each groove disk assembly ( 20, 102) has a disk mounted on a first axis (104) and configured to cut a trench in a soil surface at a user-selected penetration depth, a measuring wheel (56) mounted on a second axis (62 ) moved from the first axis (104), a hydraulic cylinder (52) that applies a top-down force to the disk (20, 22, 102), and a depth control arm (58) coupled to the second axis ( 62) and operative to adjust a position of the measuring wheel (56) in relation to the disc (20, 22, 102) to adjust the penetration depth for the disc (20, 22, 102);
    15 a top-down force adjustment device that automatically adjusts the top-down force applied to the discs (20, 22, 102) by the cylinders (52) to maintain the penetration depth of the discs (20, 22, 102) substantially constant at the depth of penetration selected by the user;
    where the top-down force adjustment device includes at least one
    20 tension meter (78) mounted on at least one of the depth control arms (58), and operative to measure the tension imposed on the control arm (58) and a controller (88) that receives the voltage information from at least one strain gauge (78) and provides control signals to the hydraulic cylinders (52) to automatically adjust the top-down force applied to the disks (20, 22, 102), FEATURED by the fact that:
    25 the controller (88) is configured to provide control signals to the cylinders (52) that cause the cylinders (52) to initially apply maximum top-down force to the disks (20, 22, 102), and in which the controller (88) then causes the cylinders (52) to reduce the force from top to bottom based automatically on the tension measured in the control arm (58).
    2. Agricultural implement, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the controller (88) is configured to provide control signals to the cylinders (52) that cause the cylinders (52) to initially apply a minimum force of upwards to the disks, and the controller (88) then causes the cylinders to automatically increase the force from top to bottom based on the tension measured in the
    35 control.
    3. Agricultural implement, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that each groove disk set (20, 22, 102) also includes an articulation
    Petition 870180042460, of 05/21/2018, p. 8/9
    [2]
    2/2 parallel (28) coupling the groove disk assembly (20, 22, 102) to the toolbar (18, 50), a support (54) to which the first (104) and the second axis are mounted, a rear arm (32) extending backwards from the support (54), and a compacting wheel mounted on the rear arm.
    [3]
    5 4. Agricultural implement, according to claim 3, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises a seed tube (72) mounted on the support (54).
    Petition 870180042460, of 05/21/2018, p. 9/9
    1/4
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    法律状态:
    2017-08-29| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: CNH INDUSTRIAL BELGIUM N. V. (BE) |
    2017-10-17| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-02-20| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-06-05| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-06-26| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|
    2019-02-26| B17A| Notification of administrative nullity (patentee has 60 days time to reply to this notification)|Free format text: REQUERENTE DA NULIDADE: SEMEATO S/A INDUSTRIA E COMERCIO - PETICAO NO870180124595 DE 31/08/2018. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/820,759|2010-06-22|
    US12/820,759|US9968030B2|2010-06-22|2010-06-22|Down pressure adjustment device and method for use with a disc opener assembly of an agricultural implement|
    PCT/EP2011/060408|WO2011161140A1|2010-06-22|2011-06-22|Down pressure adjustment device and method for use with a disc opener assembly of an agricultural implement|
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